Before 1914: How Kingdoms and Communities Became Nigeria

Nigeria existed as many distinct societies long before it became one country. Kingdoms and political communities such as Ife, Oyo, Benin, Kanem-Borno, Sokoto, Nupe and many others had their own systems of leadership, trade, culture and identity. The name Nigeria was proposed in the late 19th century by British journalist Flora Shaw, drawing from the Niger River. Britain later consolidated its control over the Lagos Colony and the Northern and Southern Protectorates. On January 1, 1914, Frederick Lugard amalgamated the Northern and Southern Protectorates into the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria. The decision was a colonial administrative arrangement, not a vote by the diverse peoples living in the territories. Independence in 1960 left Nigerians with the task of building a shared nation while preserving their many histories and identities. Understanding the societies that existed before amalgamation remains vital to understanding modern Nigeria.

Use The App To Win ₦1m

Stories are shared by community members. This article does not represent the official view of NaijaWorld — the author is solely responsible for its content.