Why FOB Price Is Not Your True Cost of Importing Goods

For Nigerian importers, the supplier's FOB price is only the starting point. The final landed cost can change significantly before the goods reach your factory or warehouse. Ocean freight, marine insurance, import duty, VAT, CISS, ETLS levy, NCS surcharge, clearing fees, haulage and possible demurrage all add to the bill. Delays with Form M or SONCAP documentation can also increase costs. FX movements affect nearly every stage. This is why two importers buying the same product at the same FOB price may end up with very different landed costs. Do you calculate your full landed cost before committing to an order, or do you reconcile it after arrival? What method works for you?

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