Do Fermented Drinks Always Contain Alcohol?

In 1 Timothy 5:23, Paul advises Timothy to use a little wine for his stomach and frequent ailments. This verse is sometimes used to draw a comparison with fermented drinks, but the comparison has limits. Fermentation can produce alcohol, though the amount depends on the ingredients and process. Some fermented drinks may contain live microbes, but not every fermented drink is probiotic or proven to improve gut health. Kunu, ginger bug, and fermented pap water can vary in how they are prepared and what they contain. It is best not to assume these drinks contain no intoxicating alcohol or that they provide specific health benefits. Check how a drink is made and seek medical advice for health concerns.

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