Study Traces How the Biblical Euphrates River Took Shape 1.6 Million Years Ago

Researchers have reconstructed the geological history of the Euphrates River, one of the rivers mentioned in the Book of Genesis. Their findings suggest that the modern river system formed about 1.6 million years ago when two older rivers, the Paleo-Karasu and Paleo-Murat, became connected. Using seismic imaging, satellite data, geological maps and Mediterranean seabed sediments, the team tracked how tectonic shifts and changing sea levels reshaped the region over millions of years. The two ancient rivers once followed separate paths through areas now in Turkey and Syria. The Euphrates later became central to agriculture, settlement and the rise of early civilisations in the Fertile Crescent, including the Sumerians and Assyrians. The study explains the river's geological origins, but does not establish the location or historical existence of the Garden of Eden.

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