Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Pakistan Sign Mutual-Defence Pact Amid Iran War Fears
Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Pakistan have announced the Mecca Joint Defence Agreement, a mutual-defence pact stating that an armed attack on one member would be treated as an attack on all three. The agreement was announced after talks in Mecca involving Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif. It seeks to strengthen collective deterrence and expand defence cooperation, although the specific military obligations of each country have not been made public. The pact comes amid growing regional tension linked to the US-Iran conflict, attacks on Saudi targets and disruption to shipping through the Strait of Hormuz and the Red Sea. Saudi Arabia offers major defence spending, Turkey brings significant military capacity and defence production, while Pakistan is a nuclear-armed state.
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