Does Islamic Submission Mean Obedience to Allah, Muhammad, or Both?

I would like Muslims to identify Qur'anic passages where Muhammad received a command from Allah that he appeared reluctant to follow but ultimately obeyed. In contrast, I see several episodes that critics may interpret as revelations aligning with Muhammad's wishes, including the change of prayer direction, marriage-related rulings, permissions during conflict, and the reduction of daily prayers from fifty to five. I also question how the shahada should be understood. It affirms Allah as the only God and Muhammad as His messenger. Does this make acceptance of Muhammad inseparable from submission to Allah? If earlier prophets preached submission to Allah, how does this later formulation relate to their message? My central question is not whether Muslims worship Muhammad, but how Islamic theology distinguishes obedience to the Prophet from worship and submission that belong to Allah alone. I welcome Qur'anic references and respectful responses that address these specific points.

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