Vitamin D Deficiency: Symptoms, Risk Factors and Safe Prevention

Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium and phosphate for healthy bones, teeth and muscles. Low levels may cause no obvious symptoms, but severe deficiency can lead to persistent bone pain, muscle weakness, osteomalacia in adults and rickets in children. People who spend little time outdoors, have darker skin, cover most of their skin, are older, pregnant, housebound or have conditions that affect nutrient absorption may be at higher risk. Oily fish, egg yolks and fortified foods can contribute to vitamin D intake. Do not self-medicate with high-dose supplements. Too much vitamin D can raise calcium levels and harm the kidneys. Speak with a doctor or pharmacist if you have ongoing bone pain, unexplained weakness, cramps or concerns about your vitamin D level. Supplement recommendations can vary by country and individual health needs.

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