Nigeria’s Rape Laws Prescribe Life Sentences, but Why Does Justice Still Fail Survivors?

Nigeria has laws that prescribe severe penalties for rape, including life imprisonment under the Criminal Code, Penal Code and Violence Against Persons (Prohibition) Act. The laws also recognise non-consensual penetration, threats, impersonation and other forms of coercion. However, survivors still face major obstacles to justice. Delayed reporting, poor access to medical and forensic services, weak investigations, court delays, stigma and pressure from families or influential suspects can weaken cases and discourage complaints. Legal and human-rights advocates are calling for full implementation of the VAPP Act, specialised gender-based violence courts, better-funded police units, rape crisis centres, DNA facilities, free legal aid and stronger survivor protection. Families and communities are also urged to believe survivors, avoid victim-blaming and report suspected abuse promptly.

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