First-Use Nuclear Doctrines: Why Russia, North Korea and the US Might Strike

Contrary to popular belief, some nuclear-armed states reserve the right to use their weapons first. Their security doctrines allow preemptive or retaliatory strikes even without a prior nuclear attack. Russia has repeatedly threatened nuclear action amid setbacks in Ukraine. Reports suggest its leaders view these weapons as leverage when frustration mounts. North Korea’s leader frequently warns of “complete destruction” if tensions rise on the Korean Peninsula. Even the US has issued stark nuclear warnings when strategic interests are threatened. These examples show that deterrence and first-use policies coexist in the doctrines of major powers.

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