Hydraulic Press Explained: Principle, Structure, and Operation

A hydraulic press uses liquid pressure to amplify a small force into a much larger one. It is based on Pascal’s Principle, which states that pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted equally in all directions without loss. The press has two cylinders: a small input cylinder and a larger output cylinder. Each cylinder holds a movable piston. An incompressible fluid—usually oil—fills the system and carries the pressure between pistons. When you push on the small piston, it creates pressure in the fluid (P = F/A). This pressure is passed to the larger piston. Because the larger piston has more surface area, it generates a greater output force. Mathematically, this relationship is expressed as F1/A1 = F2/A2.

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